Epilobium palistre 沼生柳葉菜

Common name: Marsh Willowherb
Scientific name: Epilobium palistre 沼生柳葉菜
Genus: Epilobium 柳葉菜屬
Family: Onagraceae 柳葉菜科, willowherb or evening primrose family

Origin: Native

Date: 7th Aug

[114]

Cryptogramma crispa 高山珠蕨

Common name: Parsley Fern 歐芹蕨

Scientific name: Cryptogramma crispa 高山珠蕨
Genus: Cryptogramma 珠蕨屬
Family: Pteridaceae 鳳尾蕨科,  brake* family, maidenhair^ fern family

Remarks: 

* The word "brake" comes from Middle English (brake or bracu), originally meaning rough, broken ground or a thicket 灌木叢 overgrown with ferns and bushes. In taxonomy,  "brake" refers to ferns in the genus Pteris 鳳尾蕨屬 (and the family Pteridaceae 鳳尾蕨科). 

Note the similar word "bracken" 歐洲蕨, 蕨菜 refers specifically to the genus Pteridium 蕨屬 (most notably Pteridium aquilinum 歐洲蕨), which belongs to a completely different family, Dennstaedtiaceae 碗蕨科, bracken family, bracken fern family.

^ In taxonomy, the "maidenhair fern" refers to the genus Adiantum 鐵線蕨屬 of the family Pteridaceae 鳳尾蕨科. The common name maidenhair came from the thin dark rachis 葉軸 on the fronds, resemble long, fine hair arranged in a graceful sweep.

Habitat: Growers describe it as a fanatical calcifuge 極端的嫌鈣植物, it grows where ther is no trace of lime.

Date: 23rd July

[021] A small, tufted 簇生的, 叢生的 'parsley-like+' fern with short rhizome. (could not be seen in the above photo) It has 2 different sorts of finely dissected, triangular frond.

(Note+: Parsley refers to Petroselinum crispum 歐芹、香芹、巴西利、巴西里、洋香菜、洋芫荽、番芫荽、荷蘭芹 of Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 傘形科)

Those following photos are vegetative (sterile) fronds:

[018] Vegetative fronds 2-3-pinnate, to 20 cm, ultimate segments wedge-shaped. 

[018_1] Photo cropped above. Pinnules flat.

[019] Underside of the vegetative frond.

[019_1] Photo cropped above.

[023] The rachis of the vegetative frond.

[023_1] Photo cropped above showing the groove of the rachis.

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Those following photos are fertile fronds:

[022] Fertile fronds longer, 10-30cm, 3-4-pinnate.

[014] Ultimate segment linear.

[022_1]  Photo cropped above.

[014_1]  Photo cropped above.

[013] Underside of the frond showing the pinnules curled over at edge.

[013_1] Photo cropped above, showing the pinnules curled over at edge, to form indusia 囊群蓋, protecting the sporangia.

Lobelia dortmanna

Common name: Water Lobelia
Scientific name: Lobelia dortmanna
Genus: Lobelia 半邊蓮屬
Family: Campanulacee 桔梗科, bellflower family

Remarks:

Origin: native

Date: 30th July (1st location) & 13rd Aug (2nd and 3rd locations)

[606] Found near the shore of a lake. You could see a lot of flower stalks emerged from the water. (in the first location)

[543] Also found near the shore of  a lake of a higher altitude. (in the 2nd location)

[415] Emerging flower stalks in the middle of the above photo. (in the 2nd location)

[344] (in the 2nd location) Water lobelia are in the middle of the above photo. Those plants  that are partly floating on the lake are Sparganium angustifolium 線葉黑三棱, floating bur-reed. 

[093] A lot of emerging flower stalks! (in the first location)

[087] (in the first location)

[553]  The water is so clear that you could see the basal rosette of the plants. (in the 2nd location)

[200] It seems they like shallow water. (in the 3rd location)

[019]  The basal rosette of the plants. (in the 2nd location)

[180] Water lobelia (left one with shorter and brighter leaves) and Isoetes lacustris, quillwort (right one with longer and thinner leaves) are found living together side by side. (in the 3rd location)

[168] Not all plants have the flower stalks. (in the 3rd location)

[186] (in the 3rd location) It is so dry this year that in some part of this lake the shore is exposed and you could gladly examine the plant without need to get into the water. (but is would be stressful to the survival of the plants....)

[187] (in the 3rd location) Basal rosette with 2-4 cm, linear and entire leaves. Try to see the underside of the leaves.

[038]  (in the 2nd location) A lot of water lobelia were found uprooted and were floating on the lake. What kinds of animals would do this? Birds?

[058]  (in the 2nd location) Take one plant out of  water and examine it. 

[049]  (in the 2nd location) The leaves are quite thick in texture.

[052] (in the 2nd location) Fibrous roots could also be seen now.

[054]  (in the 2nd location)  2-4 cm, linear and entire leaves.

Note non-flowering plants can be distinguished from other smooth-leaved submerged aquatics (e.g. quillwort) by the compressed leaves, which have 2 hollow tube in section. (vs 4 hollow tube in Isoetes lacustris, quillwort)

[055]  (in the 2nd location) The underside of the leaves. Note where the roots emerged from the plants.

[056]  (in the 2nd location) The bract of the plant.

[088] (in the first location) A long flower stalk emerging from the water.

[064] (in the first location) A flowering plant. Glabrous, erect perennial, can grows to 60 cm.

[203] (in the 3rd location) A whole plant could be seen clearly now as the shore is exposed due to a very dry summer.

[195] Different stages of flower buds. (in the 3rd location)

[076] (in the first location) Flowers 12-20 mm, 3-10 in lax. (3 in the above photo)

[075] (in the first location) Elongated inflorescence, flower nodding.

[073_1] (in the first location) Corolla tube pale lilac 丁香紫色，淡紫色（介於粉紅色和紫色之間）with 5 petal lobes. It could be see that the corolla tube is quite angular near the base from this angle.

[075_1] (in the first location) Side view of the flower.

[067_1] (in the first location)

[076_1] (in the first location) Corolla tube is split almost to the base exposing the stamen and the stigma.

Note the flower is protandrous 雄蕊先熟的, style and stigma are still short and hidden inside the anther tube and could not be seen during the first male stage of the flower. In the above photo, the yellow stigma could be seen, indicating that it is now the second female stage, with style and stigma is now emerging from the anther tube.

[068_1] (in the first location) Br: bracts. Note: there are no bracteoles in this species.

[078_1] (in the first location) A rather frontal view of the flower showing different structures. CoT: corolla tube, CoTS: corolla tube is split almost to the base exposing the stamen, FuA: fused anthers, PeLL: 2 narrow petal lobes in the upper lip, PeLU: 3 larger petal lobes in the lower lip, Sti: stigma.

[052_1] (in the first location) A flower with petals withered, reviewing its inner structure.

AnB: anther beard, FuA: fused anthers, FuF: fused filaments forming an anther tube, staminal tube or a monadelphous tube 單體雄蕊, Hy: hypanthium 被絲托, 花托, 萼筒, Ino: inferior ovary, Sel: sepal lobes, Sti: stigma, Sty: style.

[057_1] (in the first location) Another flower with petals withered, reviewing the anther tube and the central style and stigma. Note it is now clearly see that the stigma (the yellow parts at the far left end of the flower) is bi-lobed.

[056_1] (in the first location) A young fruit.

[106_1] (in the 2nd location) It start turning brown when the fruit ripes.

[021]  (in the first location)It turns brown when the fruit ripes. (in the 2nd location)