Empetrum nigrum ssp nigrum 岩高蘭

Common name: Crowberry
Scientific name: Empetrum nigrum ssp nigrum 岩高蘭
Genus:  Empetrum 岩高蘭屬
Family: Ericaceae 杜鵑花科, heath or heather family

Origin:  native

Date:  22nd May 7th June

[358] Low evergreen, heather-like shrub, can grow up to 45cm. Stems prostrate, rooting (could not be seen above) vs stems more or less erect, not rooting in Empetrum nigrum ssp hermaphroditum.

[362] Red stem.

[356]

[356_1]

[356_2] Leaves alternate, entire, with revolute margins. Leaves 3-4 times as long as broad vs leaves 2-3 times as long as broad in Empetrum nigrum ssp hermaphroditum.

[018_2]  ( took on 7th June)

[360]

[366]

[357_1]

[357_2] Probably male flowers as anthers could be seen.

[368] Female flower?

[018_1] ( took on 7th June)

[019]  ( took on 7th June) Black berry-like drupe.

[020]  ( took on 7th June)

[364]

Vaccinium vitis-idaea 越橘、紅豆

Common name: Cowberry 越橘
Scientific name: Vaccinium vitis-idaea 越橘、紅豆
Genus:  Vaccinium 越橘屬
Family: Ericaceae 杜鵑花科, heath or heather family

Origin:  native

Date:  19th April and 22nd May on different locations.

[393] a large cluster of cowberries.

[010] (took on 19th April) A young plant. Leaves color purple, maybe because of cold winter before)

[008] (took on 19th April) A young plant with flower buds.

[009] (took on 19th April) A young plant showing the paler color of the lower surface of the leaves.

[389_1] Dwarf evergreen shrub, can grow up to 30cm, with numerous erect, much-branched stems.

[380_1] Stems twigs smooth (clearly pubescent 被短柔毛的 on above photo and also described in eflora of China).

[376_1] Leaves 1-3cm, glabrous; dark green and glossy above. Margin entire (or obscurely and bluntly toothed).

[377_1] Leaves paler below.

[377_2] Lower surface of young leaves. Margin pubescent of the young leaves.

[387_1] Flowering shoot.

[371_1] Inflorescence terminal, racemose.

[390_1] Later view showing the inflorescence, 2-8-flowered. Pedicel about 1mm, puberulous 微柔毛.

[375_1] Hypanthium 萼筒 glabrous; calyx lobes broadly triangular, about 1mm; corolla white or pink, about 6mm (5mm), bell-shaped (campanulate 鐘狀花冠); lobes erect, triangular-ovate, 2-2.5mm.

[383_1] Flowers 4-merous (but the middle right flower is clearly 5-merous)

Vaccinium oxycoccos 紅莓苔子、大果毛蒿豆

Common name: Cranberry*
Scientific name: Vaccinium oxycoccos 紅莓苔子、大果毛蒿豆
Genus:  Vaccinium 越橘屬
Family: Ericaceae 杜鵑花科, heath or heather family

Origin:  native

Date:  22nd May, 7th June (taken on another location)

  

[425] A prostrate, trailing, creeping perennial.

[015_1]  (taken on 7th June) Long wiry 鐵絲狀的 stems.

[420_1] Leaves small, 4-8mm (5–11 × 2–5 mm), oblong or ovate, leathery, glabrous, dark green above. (vs leaves 3-5mm, widest at base in 小果紅莓苔子、毛蒿豆, small cranberry) Petioles around 1mm long. Apex acute to apiculate.

[419_1] Leaves alternate, widely spaced, glaucous 具粉霜的、淡灰綠色的 beneath, secondary veins inconspicuous on both surfaces, base rounded, margins strongly revolute, entire.

[002_1] (taken on 7th June) Inflorescences terminal umbellate racemes, axis to 7 mm, flowers sometimes axillary at base of innovation, (1- or)2–4-flowered (2 flowered above);  (vs flowers in groups of 1-2 in 小果紅莓苔子、毛蒿豆, small cranberry).

[418_1]  Bracts persistent, ovate, ca. 2 mm, glabrous. Pedicel recurved at apex, filiform, 1–2(–3) cm, pubescent; bracteoles at middle. Be: Bracteole 小苞片; Bt: bract 苞片; Pl: Pedicel 花梗

[416_1]

Flower stalks minutely hiary (Pedicel pubescent).  (vs flower stalks glabrous in 小果紅莓苔子、毛蒿豆, small cranberry). Hypanthium glabrous; calyx lobes suborbicular, ca. 0.5 mm. Be: Bracteole 小苞片; Ca: Corolla lobe 花冠裂片; Ce: Calyx lobe;Hm: Hypanthium 萼筒; Pl: Pedicel 花梗

[417_1]

Bracteoles at middle. Be: Bracteole 小苞片; Ca: Corolla lobe 花冠裂片; Ce: Calyx lobe 萼裂片; Hm: Hypanthium 萼筒; Pl: Pedicel 花梗

[424_1] Flowers 4-merous. Corolla pinkish, glabrous, lobed nearly to base; lobes strongly reflexed (only slightly reflexed on the above photo), oblong, 4–6 mm. Photo above showing the underside of the corolla lobes.

[425_1] Filaments ca. 1.5 mm, ciliolate; anthers ca. 3 mm, thecae without spurs; tubules shorter than thecae. Ar: Anther 花葯; Coe: Corolla lobe 花冠裂片; Ft: Filament 花絲; Hm: Hypanthium 萼筒; Pl: Pedicel 花梗; The: Thecae 葯室; Tue: Tubule 葯管

[414_1] Corolla lobes nearly to base, lobes strongly revolute.

[005_1] (taken on 7th June) Berries deep red, red-spotted at first, 6-12 mm diam, spherical to pear-shaped.

[008_1] (taken on 7th June) The base of the berry.

[009_1] (taken on 7th June) The top view of the berry showing the remaing calyx lobes.

Remarks*: Cranberry 蔓越莓、越橘、蔓越橘、小紅莓 are a group of evergreen dwarf shrubs or trailing vines in the subgenus Oxycoccus 紅莓苔子組 of the genus Vaccinium 越橘屬.

In Britain, cranberry may refer to the native species Vaccinium oxycoccos. Although it is cultivated in central and northern Europe, most of the cranberry sold in UK supermarkets is Vaccinium macrocarpon 大果越橘, large cranberry, American cranberry or bearberry, which is a North American species of cranberry and is cultivated throughout the northern United States, Canada and Chile.

Sciurus vulgaris 歐亞紅松鼠

Common name: Red Squirrel
Scientific name: Sciurus vulgaris 歐亞紅松鼠
Genus: Sciurus 松鼠屬
Family: Sciuridae 松鼠科, squirrel family
Order: Rodentia 囓齒目

Remarks:
Status: It is listed as least concern by the IUCN but it is legally protected in UK and Ireland. It is also protected under Bonn Convention of the International and European Union (EU) Legislation. It is included in the biodiversity list in England, Wales, Scotland and N. Ireland.


Date: 17th May

Prunus avium 歐洲甜櫻桃、甜櫻桃、大櫻桃、甜車厘子、車厘子

Common name: Wild Cherry, Gean
Scientific name: Prunus avium 歐洲甜櫻桃、甜櫻桃、大櫻桃、甜車厘子、車厘子
Genus:  Prunus 李屬
Family: Rosaceae 薔薇科, rose family

Origin:  native

Date:  13th April

[158] Suckering deciduous tree to 25 m.

[166] Branch.

[171] Upper trunk. Bark smooth, reddish brown?

[170] Middle trunk.

[168] Lower trunk. Bark peeling now.

[161_1] Leaves 6-15 cm.

[162_1] Leaves glabrous above. Red petioles with pair of reddish glands towards apex.

[163] Underside of the leaf.

[163_1] Enlarged photo above showing thinly pubescent beneath the leaf.

[158] Flowers in umbels of 2-6; base of inflorescence with large persistent green bud-scales.

Showing the inflorescence, the bud scales at the base and the arrangement of leaves. 

[160] Showing the inflorescence, the bud scales at the base and the arrangement of leaves. 

[167] Showing the inflorescence, the bud scales at the base and the arrangement of leaves. 

[157_1] Base of inflorescence with large persistent green bud-scales. Bud-scales (Bs) not leaf-like, at the base of flower stalk (Fk) (vs some bud-scales leaf-like in Pinus cerasus 歐洲酸櫻桃、酸櫻桃、酸車厘子, dwarf cherry)

The following structures could also be seen: Each young leaf (Yl) with a pair of stipules (Se) with glandular-dentate margins. Mature leaves would have pair of reddish glands towards apex in the petiole.

[158_1] Upper surface of bud-scales (Bs) could be seen above. Also, receptacle could be seen constricted at apex (see the above red arrow). (vs receptacle not constricted at apex in Pinus cerasus 歐洲酸櫻桃、酸櫻桃、酸車厘子, dwarf cherry)

[160_1] Showing the relative postions of green flower stalks (Fk), bud scales (Bs), red petiole (Pe) and stipules (Se).

[167_1] Enlarged photo showing the structure of a young leaf (yellow dashed rectangle). A pair of stipules (Se) are present at the base of a young leaf (Yl). Other structures could be seen are: bud scales (Bs), green flower stalk (Fk) and red petiole (Pe).

[157_2] Enlarged photo showing the stipules. They are small, slender structures located at the base of the leaf petiole. They are typically acuminate (tapering to a long point), linear, and possess glandular-dentate (toothed with small glands) margins. These stipules are often deciduous, meaning they fall off early in the season.

[159_1] Flower bowl-shaped.

[154_1] Petals 8-15 mm.

[156_1] Receptacle constricted at apex (see the above blue arrow). (vs receptacle not constricted at apex in Pinus cerasus 歐洲酸櫻桃、酸櫻桃、酸車厘子, dwarf cherry)

[164_1] Petals had fallen off at this later stage of flower.