Sparganium angustifolium 線葉黑三棱

Common name: Floating Bur-reed
Scientific name: Sparganium angustifolium 線葉黑三棱
Genus: Sparganium 黑三棱屬*

Family: Typhaceae 香蒲科, cattail family

Note: Sparganium 黑三棱屬 is placed in Sparganiaceae 黑三棱科 in Cronquist system, of 1981. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, 1998), also recognizes this family. By the APG III system of 2009, Sparganium had been found to be fairly closely related to Typha 香蒲屬, and so was placed with that genus in family Typhaceae 香蒲科.

Origin: native

Date: 7th Aug (at 745m elevation) &13th Aug (at another location at 665m elevation)

[178]

[179]

[177]

[171]

[082] (at another location)

[085] (at another location)

[086] (at another location)

Leaves are alternate and basal, all floating on the surface, linear, to 4 feet long, to ¼ inch (2 to 6 mm) wide, hairless, toothless, flat on the upper surface, flat to convex on the lower.

Surfaces are green, the lower surface with green parallel veins and no keel. Leaves become more translucent below the water's surface. Stems are erect, green and smooth. Flowering stems rise slightly above the surface of the water.

[097]  (at another location)

[100]  (at another location)

[097_1] (at another location)

[093] (at another location)

[093_1] (at another location)

Round flower heads in a spike-like arrangement at the top of the stem, with separate male and female flower heads on the same plant (monoecious).

At the tip of the stem are 2 to 4 stalkless male flower heads, usually crowded and appearing as a single elongated head, each covered in dozens of petal-less flowers with yellow-tipped white stamens. Male flower heads turn brown, wither and drop off after pollen release, the naked part of the stem usually persisting for a time but eventually also withering away.

[166]

[166_1]

[164]

[164_1]

Two to 5 female flower heads sit below the males, are slightly larger than the males, and are single in the axils of leaf-like bracts, the upper head(s) stalkless, the lowest head(s) stalked with the stalk at least partially fused to the stem so the head looks attached to the stem above the axil (known as supra-auxillary). Individual flowers have a single style at the tip of a green ovary and are surrounded by scale-like tepals (petals with similar sepals) that lack a darker spot near the tip.

Female flower heads form densely packed seed heads that expand up to about 1 inch (to 30 mm) diameter, the plump, spiky head maturing from light green to reddish-brown.

fruiting heads up to ~1 inch (3 cm) diameter, fruit with straight beaks shorter than the body.

https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/aquatic/narrow-leaf-bur-reed

Erigeron sumatrensis 蘇門白酒草、野茼蒿

 Common name: Guernsey Fleabane

Scientific name: Erigeron sumatrensis 蘇門白酒草、野茼蒿 *

Genus: Erigeron 飛蓬屬
Family: Asteraceae or Compositae 菊科, aster , daisy, composite or sunflower family

Remarks*: It was formerly named Conza sumatrensis 蘇門白酒草, belonged to Conza 假蓬屬、白酒草屬. It is also recorded in Hong Kong as an exotic plant. '茼蒿' is pronounced as '朣 hou1' in Cantonese.

Origin: Neophyte (established after 1500 AD). I It is a native of South America. It was first recorded in 1961 and was found naturalized in 1974.

Date: 4th Aug

[051] Annual or biennial herbs, 50-100 cm tall.

[052] Stem erect.

[041] Middle and upper leaves subentire or shallowly toothed.

[042] Middle and upper leaves gradually smaller upward, lanceolate to linear.

[043] All leaves pubescent on both surfaces.

[044] Note the hairy stem and lower surface of the leaves.

[043_1] Lower surface of the leaf.

[044_1] Forward hairs on leaf margin.

[046] Leaves in lower part oblanceolate or lanceolate, 5–15 × 0.5–2.5 cm, base attenuate 漸狹, apex acute, margin coarsely toothed or subentire.

[027] A pair of stipules at the base of the leaf. 

[029] Stems hirsute‑pubescent 粗毛兼被短柔毛的 throughout.

[029_1] Cropped photo above to show clearly the hairs.

[048] Stems hirsute‑pubescent 粗毛兼被短柔毛的 throughout. (Lower stem)

[048_1] Cropped photo above to show clearly the hairs.

[047] Basal leaves withered at flowering period. (Basal stem)

[047_1] Cropped photo above to show clearly the hairs.

[049] Capitula 頭狀花序 arranged in large panicle 圓錐花序.

[063]

[032] Flower buds.

[038]

[032_1] Flower buds.

[038_1] Flower heads (capitula 頭狀花序) 5-8 mm across,  ray florets with brownish petals, involucral bracts densely hairy.

(vs flower heads 3-5 mm across, white petals of the ray florets, involucral bracts glabrous in Erigeron canadensis 小蓬草、加拿大蓬、飛蓬、小飛蓬, Canadian Fleabane)

(vs flower heads 7-11 mm across, flower head clearly red tipped, involucral bracts hairy in Erigeron bonariensis 香絲草、野茼蒿、美洲假蓬、野地黃菊、蓑衣草、消息草, Argentine fleabane)

(vs flower heads 3-5 mm across, flower head with tendency to purple tips, involucral bracts with few hairs in Erigeron floribunda 多花飛蓬、多花飛蓮, Bilbao fleabane) 

[038_2] Heads 5-8 mm across, involucral bracts densely hairy

[014]

[056]

[014_1] Note there are 5 petals on disc florets. Ray florets pistillate 雌花的、具雌蕊的 and disk florets hermaphrodite.

[056_1] Note there are 5 petals on disc florets.(need to hold it in order to photo it clearly)

(vs 4-5 petals on disc florets in Erigeron canadensis 小蓬草、加拿大蓬、飛蓬、小飛蓬, Canadian Fleabane) 

(vs 5 petals on disc florets in Erigeron bonariensis 香絲草、野茼蒿、美洲假蓬、野地黃菊、蓑衣草、消息草, Argentine fleabane and Erigeron floribunda 多花飛蓬、多花飛蓮, Bilbao fleabane) 

[001] A possible pollinator -- a hoverfly belonged to Sphaerophoria 細腹食蚜蠅屬 spp, possibly a female Sphaerophoria scripta 短翅細腹食蚜蠅.

Epilobium brunnescens

Common name: New Zealand Willowherb
Scientific name: Epilobium brunnescens 
Genus: Epilobium 柳葉菜屬
Family: Onagraceae 柳葉菜科, willowherb or evening primrose family

Origin: Neophyte (established after 1500 AD). It is a native of New Zealand. It was first recorded as a garden weed in 1904 in Edinburgh.

Remarks: 

Date: 23rd July

[078] Flowering plants in the rock crevices.

[051] Prostrate, creeping along a wet vertical boulder. Matted 纏結成塊的, creeping herb forming patches up to 2 m across. More or less glabrous perennial, can grow up to 20 cm, rooting at nodes.  

[2050] A lot of very long flower stalks.

[053] Many short flower stalks could be seen in this plant.

[043_1] Leaves 3-7mm, orbicular, more or less entire, smooth above. (Lamina of leaf narrowly ovate to broadly ovate or broadly elliptic, 0.15–1.3 × 0.15–1.2 cm.)

[042_1] Stems with well-marked lines of strigillose hairs running down from margins of petioles, very rarely glabrous. Note where the flower stalk arises.

[042_2] Photo cropped above, showing the strigillose hairs 微硬伏毛 along the stem.

[046_1] Plant with a flower stalk (with a flower bud) just protruded.

[045] Flowers solitary, erect, attached by long, slender flower stalks.

[039]

[039_1] Photo cropped above. Note where the flower stalk arises from the leaf axil.

[049_1] The flower bud.

[037_1]  Floral tube 0.6–1.6 mm deep, glabrate 隨年齡增長而變為無毛的 or hairy. Sepals are narrow.

[036_1] Flower still not open in the morning.

[2075_1]  It bloom finally in another locatation in the afternoon. Petals white, (2.3)–3.2–7 × 1.8–5 mm, notched, crossed by a few greyish veins. 

[2076_1] Flower 3-4 mm across. (Flowers are around 8 mm across.)

[2076_2]  The eight stamens (1-4: four shorter stamens of inner whorl; 5-8: four longer stamens of outer whorl) have short white filaments and pale yellow anthers. The stigma is club-shaped, above a pinkish style. Sepals are narrow, their tips just visible from above in the gaps between the petals.

Capsule glabrate or sparsely hairy along lines of dehiscence, 1.5–6.1 cm long; fruiting pedicel (1)–3.5–8–(12) cm long (not seen at this moment).