Spergularia marina 擬漆姑、擬漆姑草、牛漆姑、牛漆姑草、牛膝姑草

Common name: Lesser Sea-spurrey
Scientific name: Spergularia marina 擬漆姑、擬漆姑草、牛漆姑、牛漆姑草、牛膝姑草
Genus: Spergularia 擬漆姑屬、牛漆姑屬
Family: Caryophyllaceae 石竹科, pink or carnation family

Remarks: 

Origin: native

Date: 28th July

44 A prostrate, glabrous or slightly glandular-hairy annual, can reach up to 20cm.

535-1 Leaves yellow-green, blunt or shortly mucronate.

39  Partially open flower and flower buds.

43 Stipules and also the underside of the flower.

42 Flower buds.

35

41 Flower 6-8mm in diameter, petals shorter than sepals, deep pink, pale centres. 5 sepals, 5 petals, 3 stamens and 1 style with 3 stigmas.

Triglochin maritima 海韭菜、箭草、海箭草、海濱箭草

Common name: Sea Arrowgrass
Scientific name: Triglochin maritima 海韭菜、箭草、海箭草、海濱箭草
Genus: Triglochin 水麥冬屬
Family: Juncaginaceae 水麥冬科, arrowgrass family

Remarks: 

Origin: native

Date: 28th July (flowering) & 23th Aug (fruiting)

458 An robust, rhizomatous perennial, can reach up to 50cm.

469 Leaves half-cylindrical (it is found broken, may be eaten by some animals at the tip of the leaves), not furrowed.

470 Leaves not furrowed.

471 The spike-like raceme, often densely clustered at the tip and more sparsely below.

467 The flower buds.

460 The flowers at the top of the inflorescence.

459 The flowers in the middle of it.

460-1

459-1 Individual flowers globular, with a dense feathery cluster of white to purple hair-like stigmas at the top. 6 fleshy, oval, hairless, green to purplish tepals surround the base and hide the stamens.

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The following photos were taken at another location on 23th Aug.

095

105 Stigmas are red now.

096

098 Fruiting now.

098-1 Fruits 3-4mm, not appressed to inflorescence axis. Fruits green and oblong, divide into 6 evident carpels, the margins obscurely winged and the withered styles persistent at tip.

099

099-1 These fruits seems a bit ripened, and is appressed to the inflorescence axis?

Epipactis dunensis

Common name: Dune Helleborine
Scientific name: Epipactis dunensis
Genus: Epipactis 火燒蘭屬
Family: Orchidaceae 蘭科, orchid family

Origin: native

Date: 16th July

453

460

455 Leaves ovate, longer than wide; arranged alternatively and held at approximately 45 degrees to the stem.

468 Leaf bases often clasping stem.

456 Base of the stem.

451 Outer lip folded under.

437

437-1 Lateral petal pinkish at base; ovary hairy, base purple or pink.

438-1

435-1 Outer lip folded under (the one above just folded a little bit); 'keyhole' at base, pinkish around 'keyhole'.

436-1 Pollinia crumbing - an indication of self-pollination.

411 Capsules developing alrready.

420 Capsules.

Senecio squalidus 牛津千里光

Common name: Oxford Ragwort
Scientific name: Senecio squalidus 牛津千里光
Genus: Senecio 千里光屬
Family: Asteraceae or Compositae 菊科, aster , daisy, composite or sunflower family

Origin: Neophyte (established after 1500 AD). It is a diploid hybrid derivative of S. aethnensis 千里光 and S. chrysanthemifolius 西西里雛菊 that grow at high and low altitudes, respectively, on Mount Etna 埃特納火山 in Sicily, Italy and that form a hybrid zone at intermediate altitudes. Historical records show that such hybrid material from Sicily was introduced to the Oxford Botanic Garden in Britain in the early part of the 18th century and began to spread from there after approximately 90 years[1]. It was first recorded in the wild in 1794 as an escape from Oxford Botanic Garden.

Date: 28th July 

8109 A decumbent to erect, more or less glabrous annual or short-leaved perennial, can reach up to 30cm. Very variable.

8114 Stem.

8115 Leaves deeply lobed. These are lower leaves.

8117 Upper leaves.

8118 The underside of the leaf.

8120 The inflorescence.

8113 Flower buds.

8112 Involucral bracts all black-tipped.

8111 Flower heads 16-20mm; 12-15 ray florets.

8111-1 Close-up of the flower showing 5 petals of the disc florets, the anthers and the stigma. 

Remarks: [1] Recent, allopatric, homoploid hybrid speciation: the origin of Senecio squalidus (Asteraceae) in the British Isles from a hybrid zone on Mount Etna, Sicily, Juliet K James and Richard J Abbott

Coincya monensis subsp. monensis

Common name: Isle of Man Cabbage
Scientific name: Coincya monensis subsp. monensis
Genus: Coincya
Family: Brassicaceae or Cruiferae 十字花科, mustards, crucifers or cabbage family

Remarks*: 

Origin: Native

Date: 28th July

146 A prostrate to ascending, almost glabrous biennial, can reach up to 50cm.

127 Leaves rosette and stem leaves long-stalked.

147 Stem leaves deeply pinnate, glabous.

142 Underside of the leaf.

137 The inflorescence.

145

145-1 Flower buds showing sepals erect.

144 Side view of a fresh flower showing erect sepals, 4 petals and 6stamens.

124 Erect sepals. Petals 15-20mm, about 2 times as long as sepals.

125 A partially worn flower showing the style and stigma.

122

121 six stamens.

139 Fruit glabrous when young; mature fruits 35-70mm.